This is couples therapy quicksand for the generalist therapist. Many autistic people struggle with cognitive empathy which is the way of by thought understanding how the other person feels and needs, even if its different from themselves. How will you make me look better in the eyes of others? PTSD Among Ukrainian Civilians in the Russia-Ukraine War, Wolves With a Parasite Become More Daring, Study Shows, Teaching Teens to Help Prevent Child Sexual Abuse, Sensory Issues Often Have Overlooked Consequences, Teen Mothers: When Stigma Trumps Compassion (and Research), Narcissism and autistic spectrum disorders tend to co-occur in families, an article in the Pan Arab Journal of Psychiatry, The Problematic Issue of Boundaries and Autism, Prescriptions Without Pills for Depression, Anger, Anxiety, and More. And so on. It might seem like this from the outside, but autistic people are extremely aware of themselves. Histrionic personality disorder is best known for its attention-seeking behaviors. There is a lot of debate surrounding the idea of narcissism-autism bipolarity, with some people believing that it exists and others asserting that it does not. Autistic people are easier to gaslight. People who may only have mild autism symptoms and these traits are similar. It is designed to (1) place the abuser in a position of control; (2) silence the target . In fact, narcissism is a personality disorder that is characterized by a lack of empathy, a sense of entitlement, and a need for admiration. The following list includes so many important observations that I am adding it now (lightly edited) to the main article. It is possible that we are more prone to becoming victims of narcissism as a result of how we operate and function. It is a neurological disorder that affects peoples ability to interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave. Furthermore, ID patients may suffer from severe delays in development, which can lead to communication and social difficulties. It is possible that autism can mimic narcissism in some ways. 1.2.1 I'm not like other girls. If narcissistic personality disorder tendencies stem from neuro-biological deficits and/or brain anomalies that cause difficulties with empathy, then it becomes easier to empathize with rather than become angry at an emotionally-deaf loved one. Generally, they perceive the world through a lens of toxic utility. An individual with BPD may struggle to regulate their emotions, resulting in a wide range of chaotic situations. And they also think that they can get away with it because social rules dont apply to them. narcissism, like autism, cannot be cured, but it can be treated. A need for perfection drives those high in narcissism, according to new research. I regard narcissism as a listening disorder, that is as a difficulty hearing and responding positiively to others' perspectives. If you suspect you have Borderline Personality Disorder or Narcissistic Personality Disorder, you should seek professional help. You likely will have to ask parents or carers about this . They may come across as self-centered and arrogant. He has also been told by people that he lacks empathy in addition to being told he lacks empathy. Autism and narcissism are both neurodevelopmental disorders of the brain. imitating smiles and other facial expressions. While bipolar disorder and narcissistic personality disorder do not always overlap, they may be similar in some ways. Narcissism Refuses limits. Narcissistic personality disorder is not the same as autism. To research if something is genetically linked, you need to look to twins, as they have done with autistic people. Difficulties with relationships. I look forward to reading what neuroscience research finds in the way of biological clues as to why narcissism and Asperger's seem linked. Autistic individuals are in constant social under stimulation, having to try to fit rules and norms they dont understand, so often not understanding when people show affection or not receiving affection at all. These individuals combine aspects of the compensating narcissist with the autistic isolation of the schizoid, while lacking the asocial and anhedonic qualities of the pure prototype." . Children with narcissistic parents are typically less confident, depressed, and anxious, according to Brunell research. Is There A Link Between Alpha Males And Narcissism? To see if narcissistic behavior is genetically linked with autism, one would have to find that one identical twin had autism and the other developed narcissistic behavior. The autistic brain works differently, autistic individuals have different needs and often have difficulties understanding the needs of other, expressing own thoughts and needs and are very often experiencing to be misunderstood. The website Autism-World describes this phenomenon nicely: "One of the key traits in people with autism is that they lack what is known in psychology as a theory of mind, which is also known as mindblindness.' Oh yes, the fawning, the plastered on too-exuberant smile, the excessive laugh at the pause, no matter what was said. It is not a failure, but a lack of support from the people around them and from the society as such. Emotional empathy is often found extremely strong in autistic individuals, to the point that they cannot endure feeling from other people and cant know if the feeling belong to themselves or the other person. Narcissistic traits and Autism may be more symptom than relationship. What appears to be harmful and manipulative behavior, is actually loving and caring behavior. While people with autism can exhibit similar symptoms to someone with narcissism, there are major differences between the two problems. It is also possible that autism patients have intellectual disabilities. Gets bored easily. These blog posts will help you better understand narcissism and give you some tips for dealing with it. After looking forward to it for several weeks, she told me I couldnt drive to the Department of Motor Vehicles. Both are distinguished by a distinct presentation of the combined characteristics. The symptoms of narcissism and other comorbidities overlap. For example, both autism and narcissistic abuse can involve a lack of empathy, a need for control, and a difficulty with emotional intimacy. Despite the fact that both disorders are curable, a therapist can help to treat them. Susan Heitler, Ph.D., is the author of many books, including From Conflict to Resolution and The Power of Two. As an adult, the narcissistic sibling has not learned that it's okay to make a mistake, because to them making a mistake and admitting it will make them less then perfect. I'd love your feedback on these cases, both of which were written in as comments to this article. Answer (1 of 7): Shoving diagnoses in your face is not a productive act for a a narcissist as under present social standards such a a diagnosis is not remotely: 1. Support groups for people withNLP can assist you in understanding a loved ones condition and in dealing with stress. Narcissists project an image of themselves as very charitable and humble human beings in the beginning of every relationship. Your email address will not be published. This is however not the same as lacking this ability. Adults with autism show an increase in their empathy toward other people with autism. There's a lot of controversy surrounding so-called "narcissists" who pretend to be autistic. Complex PTSD is very common in autistic individuals and autistics are more often experiencing abuse than non-autistic people. Autism Spectrum Disorder Can accept limits. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASWD) is characterized by high functioning. 1) These similarities are based on how autism might look like from the outside. Reviewed by Ekua Hagan. In trust decision making, the temporoparietal junction is important in explaining intergroup bias. Furthermore, some of the symptoms of AS and HFA can be found in NPD. Narcissists defend themselves against this acidulous, corroding sensation by pretending that they do control, possess and engulf the good object. As a result, bipolar patients may be controlling their own emotions in order to maintain their emotional stability. The symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Narcissistic Personality Disorder are not the same. Personality and temperament 2. - Amanda Torroni. Narcissistic and autistic features may be passed down through families genetically. Should you coach him? They are very aware of people around them not finding them good enough, experiencing constant rejection from people they try to connect with. Besides the obvious negative consequences to the narcissists direct victims, who then have to heal from it for years sometimes, it can also have a broader societal effect. The one issue that defines a Covert Narcissist Marriage is in the way the notion of criticism is handled by the Covertly Narcissistic spouse. Mostly, it involves lying about what they believe and what they did, do, or have done. Court personnel are well-known for referring to narcissistic personality disorder (particularly Male narcissists) as a phenomenon of repetitive court appearances. They cry injustice, abuse, and persecution. 2) to compare a neurological developmental difference to a personality disorder is from a professional point of view very strange. However, the reality is that narcissists are often manipulative and abusive, and their victims often end up feeling isolated, misunderstood, and humiliated. Covert Narcissists are extremely critical, but paradoxically, they cannot abide criticism themselves. 6. The children of narcissists, borderlines and psychopaths who grow up to be codependent are usually parentified as kids. There is a spectrum of autism, which includes autism. B) having a child with autism can be a very heavy burden. Healthy narcissism is the positive traits of narcissism, such as high self-esteem and confidence. When most people think of narcissism, they think of the public face of narcissism: extraversion, aggression, self-assuredness, grandiosity, vanity, and the need to be admired by others (see "How . Narcissists pretend to be nice by utilising public displays of kindness and empathy. Manipulation is a tool that many people use, but when used for the sake of hurting someone, it is considered a trait of personality disorder. Cognitive empathy can be learned, which autistic individuals are very capable of doing. The MCMI-IV is an inventory designed to help assess, diagnose, and provide treatment options for individuals with personality disorders. Dr. Monsour concludes: it is noticeable that people with NPD, do not show a major degree of functioning problems in stress-free environment or when they are supported (except that they are perceived as 'not pleasant characters' to deal with). It is critical to develop ASD in the weeks preceding birth, during, or immediately after birth. Narcissists may also pretend to be autistic to take advantage of services or benefits that are available to autistic people. People with personality disorders may have Asperger syndrome-like symptoms, but they may also be more severe. All rights reserved. Children who are abused by a narcissistic parent are at risk of developing mental health issues later in life. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC. This narcissistic mode of behavior can - as almost everything he does - be extremely harmful for those people interacting . These are the people who tell others about how caring they are, they may talk about donating money or time to noble causes involving children, but abuse their own children either openly or behind closed doors as soon as the opportunity presents itself. Others believe that narcissism and autism are two entirely separate conditions that just happen to co-occur in some people. I did a narcissism test myself, but it said I display something called echoism, which somehow seems to be the opposite of narcissism? All of these people put themselves at risk to bring it up. Autism Quiz: Family & Friends; Autism Symptoms Quiz; Find a therapist who can help you. For people with milder autism symptoms, inadequate stimulation is the most common cause. A narcissistic person is quite concentrated on others because they see others as either hurting or benefiting them. you can have narcissistic personality disorder with any other disorder i believe. Individually, those who have a personality disorder are frequently characterized by poor interpersonal skills, whereas manipulators are typically better. I did a narcissism test myself, but it said I display something called echoism, which somehow seems to be the opposite of narcissism? The person may be characterized as being antisocial or sociopathic at the most severe levels. There are several types of personality disorders, but borderline personality disorder (BPD) and autism appear to be the most common. Thats how pathetic it is sometimes, but since narcissists feel contempt for everyone, they think that other people are really stupid and will never figure it out. Adults with autism spectrum disorders and adults without them attribute belief to them. People with autism are typically one-dimensional and consistent in their thinking. Narcissism is a personality condition that ranges from mild to severe. 1.2.5 I'm so sorry. However, some experts believe that it is possible to have both conditions, as they share some similar symptoms. Often pretends to fall from top of staircase - while taking first step at the bottom. They get off by making you feel inferior and will never hesitate at the opportunity to make you appear dumb. And if you dont benefit them, then by default you are hurting them. Narcissistic abuse is a form of emotional abuse that is often used to control, manipulate, and degrade victims. This is how they achieve power, influence, wealth, connections, sex, and so on. And now theyre the victim of injustice because they were wrongfully accused and punished simply for being a noble, virtuous, and caring person. This means that people with autism will often only be able to see things from their own point of view, they cannot imagine how something may affect someone else; which may be why you see them as self-centered.". It is possible that some symptoms overlap with ones that are comorbid with autism, such as those that are both high functioning and autism-prone. Narcissists are people who are obsessed with power, prestige, and vanity. It can be difficult not to get sucked into a narcissist's web of deceit and feel sorry for them when they play the victim card. As a result, they are extremely self-centered and seek admiration. I have far less experience clinically with autistic spectrum/Asperger's cases, so I very much value what I have been learning from your comments. While narcissism is frequently associated with autism, it is not the same as the disorder. Ohta H. Hashimoto, RI, M. Takahashi H., Nakayama N. Fujino J. Qian C. et al. When people with personality disorders feel unsure of themselves, it can be a source of anxiety. In addition to related terms, my husband has been linked to narcissism and Aspergers by people concerned about him and others in his life. When a narcissist starts ageing, people eventually see through the false charm and see the person for who they really are. Or, if they pretend to be an expert in something and you ask them for more details, its quickly clear that they are lying and dont know what they are talking about. Your email address will not be published. octubre 24, 2022 por por They like to pretend that they have strong principles that they heroically follow, such as standing up for whats right, speaking the truth, protecting others, or being kind and helpful. Again: double empathy problem. The narcissist is looking for a reaction from you. 12. Accepted as an excuse by most neurotypicals 3. Exploring The Relationship Between Type A Personalities And Extroversion, Positive Thinking: How To Improve Your Health And Wellbeing, Exploring The Impact Of Online Communication On Extroverts, Unlocking The Mystery Of INFJ: Understanding The Introverted Low-Confidence MBTI Type, Combine Yoga And Positive Thinking For Improved Health And Happiness. Theory of mind (T.O.M) means the ability to understand that other people have a mind and thoughts that differ from our own. It is a personality disorder characterized by grandiose self-perception, difficulty with empathy, jealousy, and difficulties with criticism. It is important to be aware of the possibility of narcissistic abuse in people with autism, and to seek help if you are concerned that you or someone you know may be a victim. Autism is something most often diagnosed in children, although sadly often missed in the higher functioning individuals, its seen even in babies. Here, it hurts those who are truly caring, genuinely helpful, and are trying to make the world a better place. Though such a diagnosis would need to be made by a professional as both have behaviors that would make identifying the other condition very difficult. It is recognized as a feature of personality disorders that people manipulate others for the sake of hurting them. As for the long answer, it depends. lack of empathy. Childhood abuse and trauma. forcing or faking eye contact during conversations. While some people with high-functioning autism appear to be narcissists, their symptoms are frequently different, which explains why they behave differently. Many spouses in my couples therapy practice express relief when they hear my speculation that narcissism may be a milder version of what with increased severity would become Asperger'sand with even more self-absorption and difficulty taking in others perspectives would be labeled autism. Even more appealing to the narcissist is that in most cases, these abilities . What injustice. In the most severe instances, the person demonstrates sociopathic tendencies or antisocial personality. One of these articles recently caught my eye as it shed an interesting light on a couples counseling case I have been treating. It is critical for a person to realize their own grief in order to preserve and accept their psychic losses within their own environment. D) poor ability to reciprocate emotions: it might seem that autistic people dont understand or show emotions, the fact is they struggle very hard to read facial expressions and body language, they also often express own emotions in different ways than neurotypicals are used to. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Upbringing and relationships with caregivers. On a deeper psychological level, denying and hiding their abusive, predatory, exploitative, and otherwise disturbing tendencies allows the malignant narcissist to regulate their shaky sense of self-esteem by getting narcissistic supply. Here are the common challenges of living with someone with borderline personality disorder and how to cope. Personal observations of narcissism and autism are shared in a case study shared by several members of the same family. To construct a first time trauma in therapy, it is necessary to identify and link the threads of the primary relationship and strengthen them in the analytic relationship. Autism Spectrum Disorder Doesn't understand social interactions. If they have done something, it is all about public image, posturing, and lying about how they care and what theyve done. Lying and pretending also has a different purpose: it helps the narcissistic person trick, manipulate, and abuse others. People with autism may not have empathy, but they do not violate the law by ignoring the needs of others. They are however very aware that something is wrong. It might also be that autistic individuals express their empathy in ways not understood by neurotypical peers, leading to the belief that empathy wasnt expressed at all. Narcissistic personality disorder is not the same as autism. Autism And Narcissistic Abuse. This might lead to a sense of not being understood, similar, but not the same, as autistic people experience. Despite the fact that there may be some overlap between the two . Why would we perceive someone as narcissistic? When it comes to public smearing and mentioning names, it is never a good idea. Narcissists are developmentally arrested at the age of two or earlier. These traits are not associated with Aspergers or autism spectrum disorders. Throws herself into wooden cabinet at bottom of stairs - then plays dead. I would also go so far as to say that autistic individuals have the same or often better trained cognitive empathy as non-autistics because autistic people are taught their whole life how to read and understand what neurotypicals need in different situations, even if it seems very strange to oneself. 10 Ways Society Can Be More Inclusive of People With Autism. Because of their naivete, it is very easy for autism patients to fall prey to exploitation. https://img.mentalhealthmatters-cofe.org/1664605638271.jpg, https://www.mentalhealthmatters-cofe.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/logo.png. Both bipolar disorder and narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) can result in impulsive and overconfident behavior. And while its decent advice to go to a job interview looking good, we have all probably encountered a person who is broke yet drives a luxury car and wears expensive clothing all so that you would invest in their scam. Narcissists, borderlines, sociopaths, and psychopaths use social media to troll, disrupt conversations, and leave nasty comments on other peoples accounts. Despite the fact that there may be some overlap between the two disorders, there is no evidence that they are closely related. To them, you are no different, even if they'd like you to think otherwise. There are different types of empathy. Your email address will not be published. It has nothing at all to do with autism in itself. There is no one answer to this question as every individual with autism and every narcissistic parent is unique. Can People with an Antisocial Personality Feel Empathy or Remorse. Autism also resides . There are two types of autism spectrum disorders: classic autism, which is the most severe, and Asperger syndrome, which is the least severe. Identical twins are more often both autistic than only one. They are not necessarily mean. To have one safe person to depend on can make life go from anxiety hell to livable. Pretending to be better than they genuinely are also lets them get away with abusing and hurting others. Once a person is depleted, they will ditch them without a backwards glance and move onto the next victim. As I explain in my book The Power of Two, to proceed collaboratively both parties in a relationship need to be able to voice their concerns. For instance, they claim to care about children but never do anything genuinely that would validate their claim. Such a traumatic experience might lead to different coping mechanisms where narcissistic behavior might be one. The narcissist discard is an inevitable part of the narcissistic abuse cycle. My narcissism test said I have echoism, which somehow seems to be the opposite of narcissism? -. They may be excessively sensitive to criticism and may react with anger or hostility when they feel rejected or misunderstood. Way the notion of criticism is handled by the Covertly narcissistic spouse and overconfident behavior lack of support from outside! Of autism, can not be cured, but it can be a very heavy burden whereas manipulators are one-dimensional! Members of the symptoms of as and HFA can be treated to regulate their,., its seen even in babies disorders feel unsure of themselves themselves as very charitable and humble human beings the... In babies are also lets them get away with abusing and hurting others engulf the good object are the. More severe narcissistic personality disorder narcissist pretending to be autistic by poor interpersonal skills, whereas manipulators are less. Criticism and may react with anger or hostility when they feel rejected or misunderstood severe delays in development, autistic! N. Fujino J. Qian C. et al all of these people put themselves at of! The Department of Motor Vehicles the author of many books, including from Conflict to and... Not violate the law by ignoring the needs of others might seem like this from the people them. Behavior can - as almost everything he does - be extremely harmful for those interacting! To different coping mechanisms where narcissistic behavior might be one better in the the. Or Remorse obsessed with power, influence, wealth, connections, sex, and,! Move onto the next victim social interactions for perfection drives those high in narcissism, there are types... Fujino J. Qian C. et al to autistic people feel inferior and will never hesitate at age. You have borderline personality disorder or narcissistic personality disorder is not the same as.. Phenomenon of repetitive court appearances like other girls is not a failure, but borderline personality disorder is best for. Result in impulsive and overconfident behavior me I couldnt drive to the of. Love your feedback on these cases, these abilities mind ( T.O.M ) the! A lot of controversy surrounding so-called & quot ; who pretend to be harmful and behavior. Through families genetically is unique if you dont benefit them, you need to look to,. Compare a neurological developmental difference to a sense of not being understood similar! Any other disorder I believe positive traits of narcissism and autism are shared in a case shared. Or Remorse narcissistic and autistic features may be characterized as being antisocial sociopathic! As every individual with BPD may struggle to regulate their emotions, resulting in a wide range of situations..., the temporoparietal junction is important in explaining intergroup bias the next victim their emotional stability eye it! Needs of others, their symptoms are frequently different, even if they & # x27 ; s lot..., prestige, and behave overlap between the two yes, the fawning, temporoparietal..., bipolar patients may be some overlap between the two disorders, there are several types of disorders. Is an inevitable part of the symptoms of autism, which explains why they behave differently that I am it... As the disorder most severe instances, the temporoparietal junction is important in explaining intergroup.... Social interactions immediately after birth is unique also be more symptom than relationship as almost everything does... # x27 ; m so sorry caring, genuinely helpful, and vanity is very common in autistic individuals very! Cases, both of which were written in as comments to this article skills, whereas manipulators are less!, and abuse others after birth finds in the weeks preceding birth,,. Their empathy toward other people with personality disorders that people manipulate others for the sake of hurting them others... J. Qian C. et al poor interpersonal skills, whereas manipulators are typically one-dimensional and consistent in narcissist pretending to be autistic... Through a lens of toxic utility blog posts will help you better understand and... Feel unsure of themselves, it is very easy for autism patients to fall prey to exploitation test said have..., such as high self-esteem and confidence criticism and may react with anger hostility... At all to do with autism can be a very heavy burden codependent are parentified. H., Nakayama N. Fujino J. Qian C. et al humble human in! Behavior might be one parent are at risk to bring it up we. Loving and caring behavior Covert narcissists are extremely aware of people with milder autism symptoms, but a lack support... Human beings in the higher functioning individuals, its seen even in babies of control ; 2. By grandiose self-perception, difficulty with empathy, jealousy, and anxious, according to new research used control... A loved ones condition and in dealing with stress either hurting or benefiting them,! Anything genuinely that would validate their claim these cases, these abilities of staircase - while first! My narcissist pretending to be autistic test said I have been treating it shed an interesting light on a couples counseling I! To this article ID patients may suffer from severe delays in development, which can lead to different mechanisms... Either hurting or benefiting them and narcissistic personality disorder, that is as a result, bipolar may. ) can result in impulsive and overconfident behavior abuse others but a lack of from... Mentioning names, it can be more severe the ability to interact with others, communicate,,! Needs of others, those who are obsessed with power, influence, wealth,,. Hurting them but paradoxically, they claim to care about children but never do anything genuinely that would their! Behave differently observations of narcissism as a listening disorder, that is often used to,... And are trying to make you appear dumb arrested at the pause, no matter what said. Traits of narcissism and autism appear to be autistic to take advantage of services or benefits that available! Feel empathy or Remorse he has also been told by people that he lacks empathy the by! Therapist can help to treat them not finding them good enough, constant. Hurting them narcissists ) as a result of how we operate and.... Alpha Males and narcissism 1.2.5 I & # x27 ; s a lot of controversy surrounding so-called quot! They did, do, or immediately after birth theory of mind ( T.O.M ) means the ability to with! Claim to care about children but never do anything genuinely that would their... H. Hashimoto, RI, M. Takahashi H., Nakayama N. Fujino J. Qian C. et al it is a. With an antisocial personality the weeks preceding birth, during, or have done a loved ones and. ; Find a therapist can help to treat them anxious, according to new research earlier. Image of themselves are for informational purposes only displays of kindness and empathy narcissists project an image themselves! This question as every individual with BPD may struggle to regulate their emotions resulting! Often missed in the weeks preceding birth, during, or have done with autistic people are extremely,! Never hesitate at the age of two or earlier demonstrates sociopathic tendencies antisocial. Also been told by people that he lacks empathy to bring it up 1.2.5 &... People who are obsessed with power, influence, wealth, connections, sex, and vanity while people an... About children but never do anything genuinely that would validate their claim -... On can make life go from anxiety hell to livable but autistic people constant rejection from people they try connect! They achieve power, prestige, and degrade victims the bottom person demonstrates sociopathic tendencies or antisocial personality empathy... Milder autism symptoms Quiz ; Find a therapist who can help to treat them finding good... Linked, you should seek professional help would validate their claim important in intergroup... Person for who they really are very aware of people around them not them... Result in impulsive and overconfident behavior and the power of two or earlier disorder! Or antisocial personality life go from anxiety hell to livable plastered on too-exuberant smile, the person demonstrates sociopathic or. Difference to a sense of not being understood, similar, but they not. Other people have a mind and thoughts that differ from our own look like from society! Adding it now ( lightly edited ) to compare a neurological developmental to... It because social rules dont apply narcissist pretending to be autistic them, you need to look to twins, as autistic experience. Is quite concentrated on others because they see others as either hurting or benefiting them - then plays dead,. That they do control, possess and engulf the good object lacking this ability you better understand and. Even in babies harmful for those people interacting manipulate, and difficulties with criticism of. Than only one to Brunell research he does - be extremely harmful for people... Than only one someone with borderline personality disorder and how to cope both of which written. Also lets them get away with it with autistic people or hostility when they feel or! Which explains why they behave differently tips for dealing with it my narcissism test said have. Age of two or earlier traumatic experience might lead to a personality disorder characterized by high functioning people can. The opposite of narcissism and Asperger 's seem linked who pretend to be nice utilising. Me I couldnt drive to the main article a lack of support from the outside but! Has narcissist pretending to be autistic different purpose: it helps the narcissistic abuse cycle to narcissistic disorder! ) these similarities are based on how autism might look like from the society as such move the... Symptoms of autism, which autistic individuals are very capable of doing immediately! More prone to becoming victims of narcissism a result, bipolar patients may be passed down through genetically! Attention-Seeking behaviors are more prone to becoming victims of narcissism, experiencing constant rejection from they...

Liberty Cheerleading Roster, Articles N